De. Goldberg was born in San Francisco, and spent part of hear early years in China. She returned to San Francisco with her family in 1901, and graduated from Lowell High School in 1917, having been captain of the debating team and class historian.

She received her A.B. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1921, and entered the School of Medicine at UCSF, from which she graduated in 1925. She did her internship and residency at the University of California Hospital on that campus.

From 1934 to 1936 Dr. Goldberg was a member of the Board of Directors of the Public Health League, and 1935-38, of the Board of the San Francisco County Medical Society. In 1938 Dr. Goldberg became President of the Women Physicians Club of San Francisco. She was Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine at UCSF, 1938-47. In the 1950s she gave several papers and was a co-exhibitor at a number of national meetings, and in 1955 Dr. Goldberg was honored by having a testicular feminization syndrome named after her and her co-author, Dr. Alice Maxwell: the Goldberg-Maxwell syndrome. Dr. Goldberg became clinical professor in the School of Medicine in 1960, becoming emeritus in 1965. She had also been a member of the consulting staff at Mt. Zion Hospital, and Children's Hospital in San Francisco.

Dr. Goldberg was a member of the Endocrine Society, the Heart Association, the American Medical Association, the American Society of Internal Medicine. Her research and teaching interests were among the following: clinical endocrinopathies; acromegaly; ovarian agenesis; menopause and amenorrhea; pseudohermaphrodism; hirsutism; growth and development; precocious puberty; adrenocortical tumors and congenital adreno-cortical hyperplasia. In 1959 she published Medical Management of the Menopause.